Defining Relative Clauses (no commas) - zdania względne (określające). Refer to the preceding noun. They give essential information about the noun and cannot be omitted as this could obscure the meaning of the main clause.
For instatnce:
- My brother who lives in Warsaw is a teacher. (More than one brother). Osoba, która to mówi ma więcej niż jednego brata i należy określić który dokładnie brat jest nauczycielem. Ten, który mieszka w Warszawie.
- People who steal are thieves. (Only people who steal are thieves, no everyone)
- My wife who loves flowers spends all day in the garden. (He has got more that one wife, and that is the reason why the comma is omitted. He is a bigamist). Ta która lubi kwiaty.
Non - Defining Relative Clause (with commas) - zdania względne (nieokreślające). Refer to the preceding noun and give extra information about it. A non - defining relative clause can be omitted without causing confusion or changing the meaning of the main clause and therefore must be put between commas.
Zdanie względne nieokreślające podają nam dodatkowe informacje, które oddzielone są przecinkami.
For instance:
- My wife, who loves flowers, spends all day in the garden. (He has got only one wife, and he gives an extra information about her) ,która lubi kwiaty,
- My sister, who lives in London, is a nurse. (Only one sister)
- Australia, which is an island, has a tropical climate. (a sentence between commas is only an extra information and it doesn't change the meaning of the sentence)
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